Murray State University · Part four · Example projects

Inhibitor Investigation

Murray State University
Demo 14 of 17 · Part four · Biochemistry · Stage 1

Run the bench, and read the curve

Does one exact assay point already tell you which inhibition pattern you are looking at?

Before you start. An enzyme's initial rate is how fast it converts substrate before conditions change; Km is the substrate concentration where the rate reaches half of Vmax, the enzyme's fastest possible rate. Three idealized inhibition patterns — competitive, uncompetitive, and pure noncompetitive — predict different curves from the same calibrated baseline.

Predict

Before you run anything: can one assay at a single concentration ever be enough, by itself, to name the pattern?

Try

Choose a substrate concentration, then press Run selected assay to record an exact rate.

Takeaway

One exact rate can match more than one candidate curve at once — separating the patterns depends on which concentration you pick, not on how precisely you measure it.

Scripted every recorded assay rate

Choose an assay

A mystery inhibitor has one of three declared, idealized rate patterns. Choose a substrate concentration and run up to four exact initial-rate assays.

Assays used: 0 / 4
Choose a concentration. A repeat does not consume an assay.

Scripted the calibrated baseline and three candidate curves

Compare the rate evidence

Calibrated uninhibited baseline Competitive pattern Uncompetitive pattern Pure noncompetitive pattern Observed mystery rate
Scripted the recorded rate for each assay

Evidence ledger

No evidence yet. Choose a substrate concentration and run an assay.

  • No assays recorded.

Identify which synthetic rate pattern fits the observations, or say the evidence is insufficient. This lesson cannot identify a real compound or binding site.

Check yourself

One assay at S = 2 (which equals Km) reads exactly 25.0, matching both the competitive and uncompetitive curves. Does that mean the pattern is genuinely ambiguous?

Demo 14 of 17 · Part four · Biochemistry · Stage 2

Explain what the evidence shows — before the reveal

Given the assays you have collected, does the evidence isolate one pattern or leave more than one standing?

Before you start. Stage 1's assays feed this stage directly — the same recorded rates. A pattern is isolated when only one of the three candidates predicts every observed rate exactly; otherwise the evidence is ambiguous, and more assays — not a different kind of reasoning — are what would resolve it.

Predict

Before choosing: with just one assay at S = Km, can the evidence possibly isolate a single pattern?

Try

Choose one of the three explanation options below; the mystery pattern's name appears in the feedback once you do.

Takeaway

At S = Km, this deliberately matched set makes competitive and uncompetitive both predict 25.0 exactly — evidence can be exact and still not discriminate every hypothesis.

Live whether your explanation matches the evidence

Explain before reveal

Select the statement that follows from the evidence currently on the chart. The mystery pattern's name stays out of the feedback until you choose.

Scripted the three candidate formulas and their factors

Candidate model

All plotted candidates use v = Vmax·S / (a·Km + b·S). Competitive: a=3, b=1. Uncompetitive: a=1, b=3. Pure noncompetitive: a=b=3.

Teaching boundary: the competitive/uncompetitive tie at S=Km is deliberately produced by this matched-factor synthetic set. It is not a general diagnostic rule for real inhibition.

These are simplified steady-state initial-rate patterns. They omit mixed, partial, allosteric, tight-binding, time-dependent, and other inhibition behavior.

Check yourself

You submit "insufficient evidence" after running only the S=2 assay. Is refusing to name a pattern the same as getting the question wrong?

Demo 14 of 17 · Part four · Biochemistry · Stage 3

Pick the measurement that actually helps

Given the tie at S = Km, which additional measurement would eliminate a candidate?

Before you start. Stage 2 showed that S = Km leaves competitive and uncompetitive tied at 25.0 in this deliberately matched set — an engineered coincidence of this teaching model, not a general property of real inhibition. Any other concentration should, in principle, separate two candidates whose formulas differ.

Predict

Before choosing: which of the four candidate measurements would separate competitive from uncompetitive?

Try

Press one of the four measurement options to see the actual candidate predictions.

Takeaway

Any concentration other than the matched Km tie separates these two candidates exactly in this idealized model; the model does not rank an informative choice by how large its predicted gap is.

Live which candidates this measurement would eliminate

Choose the next useful measurement

Suppose an initial result at S = Km was 25.0. It leaves the competitive and uncompetitive synthetic patterns tied in this model. Which one additional substrate measurement would eliminate a candidate? Several choices can be equally informative here.

Check yourself

S=1 and S=8 each eliminate exactly one candidate in this exact, noiseless model, even though their predicted values are not equally far apart. Does the bigger predicted gap make one choice better?

Inhibitor Investigation · Bryant Harrison · Murray State University
One HTML file · runs offline · source-backed enzyme-kinetics investigation
Printable guide

Guidehow to use this demo

Can one exact measurement always tell you which of several causes is at work?

Where this sits: an AI-built classroom tool from Part four. Its goal is to show that exact evidence can still leave two causes tied, its engine is scripted (an idealized synthetic assay model), and its assumptions are one tap away in Details.

  1. Bench. Choose a substrate concentration and press Run selected assay to record up to four exact rates, and read them against the three candidate curves.
  2. Explain. Choose the statement the evidence on your bench actually supports before the mystery pattern is revealed.
  3. Transfer. Pick the next measurement that would actually separate the remaining candidates.

Getting around

The three tabs switch stages. Details opens the formula, assumptions, and sources for the current stage. Guide reopens this card; Settings holds Open Presenter Notes, Presentation mode, and Reset.

Time

About 8 to 10 minutes for all three stages.

Settings

Presenter notes

The printable session plan, on screen.

Presentation mode

Scales the whole page up one notch for projecting to a room, and puts a Notes button in the header.

Reset

Back to the start: a fresh mystery sample, an empty bench, every explanation and transfer choice cleared, and stage 1. The page does not reload. Presentation mode stays as you set it.

DetailsBench

What is live, and what is scripted

The chart and the ledger are computed from a hand-built formula, not real assay data

Scripted the calibrated baseline and the three candidate curves

Every curve on the chart is generated from v = Vmax·S / (a·Km + b·S) with fixed teaching factors; nothing here is read from an instrument or drawn from a real assay run.

Scripted every recorded assay rate

Pressing Run selected assay computes the mystery sample's rate at your chosen concentration from the same fixed formula, using whichever of the three candidate factor pairs this sample's hidden pattern uses. It is not a noisy or randomized reading — the same concentration always returns the same exact number for a given hidden pattern.

How it works

v = Vmax·S / (a·Km + b·S)

Vmax = 100 rate units, Km = 2 concentration units. Baseline (no inhibitor) uses a=b=1. Competitive: a=3, b=1. Uncompetitive: a=1, b=3. Pure noncompetitive: a=b=3. The hidden pattern is fixed when a mystery sample is drawn and does not change while you investigate it.

Assumptions and simplifications

  • No noise. Every observation is exact; there is no measurement error, curve-fitting, or hidden tolerance anywhere in the model.
  • A four-assay budget is a teaching constraint, not a real assay's practical limit.
  • Steady-state initial-rate approximation only — this is not a full time-course or progress-curve model.
  • Only six substrate concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 20 teaching units) are offered, chosen so the S=Km tie and its resolution are both reachable within the budget.

Sources

Boundary: this bench does not identify a real inhibitor's molecular binding site or mechanism, and it produces no assay noise a real instrument would show. It is a bounded, exact teaching model of three idealized rate patterns.

Presenter Notesthe printable guide, on screen

Teacher and presenter guide · Bounded enzyme-inhibition assay investigation

Inhibitor Investigation

Demo 14 of 17 · Part four, Example projects · about 8–10 minutes for all three stages

You need: index.html open in any modern browser, on a projector or on each student's phone. No network, no install, no accounts. Nothing is fetched at runtime, so it works with the wi-fi off.

Learning goals

One per stage, in the learner's own words — these are the three Takeaway cards on screen, verbatim. If a student can say these three things and point at the evidence for each, the demo has done its job.

  1. One exact rate can match more than one candidate curve at once — separating the patterns depends on which concentration you pick, not on how precisely you measure it.
  2. At S = Km, this deliberately matched set makes competitive and uncompetitive both predict 25.0 exactly — evidence can be exact and still not discriminate every hypothesis.
  3. Any concentration other than the matched Km tie separates these two candidates exactly in this idealized model; the model does not rank an informative choice by how large its predicted gap is.

Where this sits on the path

An AI-built classroom tool from Part four. Its goal is to show that exact evidence can still leave two causes tied, its engine is scripted (an idealized synthetic assay model), and its assumptions are one tap away in Details. It does not depend on any earlier demo, so it can be taught on its own; the habit it shares with the rest of Part four is naming the boundary between mechanism and claim.

One question for the session

Can one exact measurement always tell you which of several causes is at work?

"Every number this bench reports is exact — no noise, no fitting, no rounding. And you are still about to watch two different explanations survive the same exact number. Our job for the next few minutes is to find out why, and what it takes to actually break the tie."

Terms students see

LabelMeaning in this activity
Initial rateHow fast the enzyme converts substrate before conditions change; the one number every assay in this bench reports.
VmaxThe enzyme's fastest possible rate, fixed at 100 teaching units throughout.
KmThe substrate concentration where the uninhibited rate reaches half of Vmax; fixed at 2 teaching units. Every stage's "S = Km" language refers to this value.
a, bThe two factors that turn the baseline formula into a candidate inhibition pattern. Competitive: a=3, b=1. Uncompetitive: a=1, b=3. Pure noncompetitive: a=b=3.

Six substrate concentrations are offered throughout (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 20 teaching units), chosen so the S=Km tie and its resolution are both reachable within the four-assay budget.

Stage 1 · Bench

Question: Does one exact assay point already tell you which inhibition pattern you are looking at?

Predict prompt: Before running anything, ask the room: can one assay at a single concentration ever be enough, by itself, to name the pattern? Take a show of hands.

Activity (3 minutes): 0:00 read the three candidate curves and the calibrated baseline on the chart · 0:45 choose a substrate concentration · 1:00 press Run selected assay · 1:30 compare the plotted point with all three curves · 2:30 try a second concentration if the budget allows.

Expected observation: at S = 2 (Km), the observed rate is exactly 25.0 whether the hidden pattern is competitive or uncompetitive — the point lands on both curves at once. At S = 8 or S = 20, the three curves are visibly separated and a single point discriminates one or more candidates.

Check-yourself answer key: "Yes — this deliberately matched set makes two curves cross exactly at S = Km." The tempting wrong answer treats an exact number as automatically unique to one pattern; the chart's own crossing point at S=2 refutes it directly.

Teaching limit: do not let "the rate was exact" become "the rate was informative". Exactness rules out measurement noise; it does not by itself rule out other candidates. Stage 2 makes that gap explicit.

Misconception: an exact measurement cannot be ambiguous. It can, when two candidate formulas are built to agree at one input. Point at the S=2 point sitting on both the competitive and uncompetitive curves at once.

Stage 2 · Explain

Question: Given the assays collected in Stage 1, does the evidence isolate one pattern or leave more than one standing?

Predict prompt: With just one assay at S = Km, can the evidence possibly isolate a single pattern? Ask for the reasoning, not just the answer.

Activity (2–3 minutes): 0:00 reread the evidence ledger from Stage 1 · 0:30 choose the explanation that follows from it · 1:00 read the revealed pattern name and the candidate-model card together.

Expected observation: with only the S=2 assay on the bench, "the measurements still leave more than one synthetic rate pattern possible" is the sound explanation; with a second, separating assay recorded, "the measurements isolate one synthetic rate pattern" becomes sound instead. The mystery pattern's name only appears in the feedback after a choice is made.

Check-yourself answer key: "No — recognizing insufficient evidence is itself a correct conclusion here." The wrong option treats a hedge as a failure to commit; the model itself marks "insufficient evidence" sound whenever it is true.

Teaching limit: this stage never claims to identify a real inhibitor's molecular binding site, whichever explanation a student picks. "The measurements identify a real inhibitor's molecular binding site" is offered as a wrong option specifically to be ruled out.

Misconception: a correct investigator always names a mechanism. Naming the actual limit of the evidence — "insufficient evidence" — is the correct scientific conclusion whenever two or more candidates remain compatible. This activity never scores a hedge as a wrong answer.

Stage 3 · Transfer

Question: Given the tie at S = Km, which additional measurement would eliminate a candidate?

Predict prompt: Which of the four measurement options would separate competitive from uncompetitive? Ask students to commit before pressing anything.

Activity (2–3 minutes): 0:00 restate the S=Km tie from Stage 2 · 0:30 commit a prediction · 1:00 press a measurement option and read the actual candidate predictions and the eliminated-candidate count · 1:30 try a second option and compare.

Expected observation: S = 2 repeats the tie and eliminates 0 of 2 remaining candidates. S = 1, S = 8, and S = 20 each eliminate exactly 1 of 2, even though their predicted gaps are different sizes.

Check-yourself answer key: "No — any measurable difference eliminates a candidate here; the model does not rank by gap size." The wrong option imports a real-assay intuition (bigger gap, easier to trust) into a model that has no measurement error for a bigger gap to overcome.

Teaching limit: this is the point where the idealization is most likely to be over-generalized. The activity's own Details drawer for this stage says explicitly that a real, noisy assay would have good reason to prefer the larger gap — this model simply does not model that reason.

Misconception: a bigger predicted difference is always more informative. In a real, noisy assay, yes. In this exact, noiseless model, no — every measurable difference is equally decisive because there is no measurement error for a bigger gap to overcome. Both are true; they are claims about different models.

Model and boundaries

v = Vmax·S / (a·Km + b·S)
  • Vmax = 100 rate units, Km = 2 concentration units, fixed throughout.
  • Baseline (no inhibitor): a = b = 1. Competitive: a = 3, b = 1. Uncompetitive: a = 1, b = 3. Pure noncompetitive: a = b = 3.
  • Every observation is exact: there is no measurement error, curve-fitting, or hidden tolerance anywhere in the model.
  • The four-assay budget is a teaching constraint chosen so the S=Km tie and its resolution are both reachable, not a real assay's practical limit.

This is a steady-state initial-rate teaching model only. It does not represent mixed, partial, allosteric, tight-binding, time-dependent, irreversible, or multiple-substrate inhibition behavior, and it never identifies a real inhibitor's molecular binding site or mechanism. Full per-stage assumption lists are in the app's Details drawer, which is the surface students should be sent to when they ask "but is that real?".

Discussion questions

  • What claim is supported by the plotted points at any given moment? What claim would be too strong?
  • Why does measuring the same concentration twice not add discrimination?
  • What would a real assay need — replicates, controls, a broader concentration range, estimated error — before treating a fitted pattern as a real mechanism?
  • The page labels some things Live and some Scripted. Pick one of each on screen and say what the label is promising you.
  • In Stage 3, why does the model refuse to rank an informative measurement by the size of its predicted gap? When would that ranking matter?

Presenter controls

The three stage tabs run across the top and are never locked; "explain before reveal" is a within-stage content gate (the mystery pattern's name stays out of the Stage 2 feedback text until a choice is made), not a locked tab. Details in each stage intro opens that stage's formula, assumptions and sources. ? reopens the Guide. ⚙ Settings offers Open Presenter Notes (this document), Presentation mode, and Reset.

Presentation mode scales the page up one notch and adds a Notes button to the header for these cues. Reset returns the demo to its opening state without reloading the page — a fresh mystery sample, an empty bench, stage 1, and every explanation and transfer choice cleared — and leaves presentation mode as you set it. New mystery sample (in Stage 1) starts a fresh case without a full Reset, for running the bench a second time without restarting the whole demo.

Keep the label vocabulary honest. Every candidate curve and every recorded assay rate is labelled Scripted — a hand-built idealized formula, not a real assay reading. The live comparisons run on those numbers (whether an explanation is sound, how many candidates a measurement eliminates) are labelled Live, because they are computed on the device the moment a student acts, even though the numbers they compare are Scripted.

Sources and attribution

  • Strelow J, Dewe W, Iversen PW, et al. Mechanism of Action Assays for Enzymes, NIH Assay Guidance Manual — idealized initial-rate inhibition-pattern context and the value of measurements above Km, cited throughout the app's Details drawer.

This source supports the underlying assay-design context; it does not endorse this activity. A Murray State biochemistry course served as the reviewed course-fit reference; it is not named here, and it does not supply current scheduling information.

Inhibitor Investigation · Bryant Harrison · Murray State University · Offline teaching model. Open index.html to run the investigation. src/demo-guide.html is the canonical source of this document; the shipped teacher-guide.html, the PDF beside it, and the in-app presenter notes are all generated from it at build time.

Open the printable copy (teacher-guide.html) — the same document, laid out for print; the PDF beside it is a render of that file.
Bryant Harrison · Murray State University