Murray State University · Part two · Where it is going

The Pace of AI Progress

Murray State University
Demo 3 of 17 · Part two · Stage 1

Draw where the series went, then see it.

From 3.5 minutes to five hours, from none of the hardest research problems to all but one: how much did the most-cited AI measurements move, and could you have guessed the size of it?

Before you start. Demo 2 showed a model being measured; here you read published measurements the same way. A benchmark is a test with defined tasks and a scoring rule, and a score is a measurement under conditions — which harness ran the model, how much reasoning effort it was allowed, which task set. Each series below starts with its early points shown. You draw where you think it went; the published points are then revealed with their conditions.

Predict

Where did this series end? Draw the line across the shaded region to the ask date — your endpoint is your prediction.

Try

Drag across the chart (or focus it and press Up / Down), then press Reveal. Use Choose a series to jump.

Takeaway

On the tests the field cites most, the change since 2023 is measured in multiples, not points — and every series stops where its published record stops, with its conditions attached.

Sourced published measurements, each point with its conditions in Details

shown measurementsyour estimaterevealed measurementswhere the series stops
Drag across the shaded region, or use arrow keys on the chart.

Check yourself

On most series your line was below the published result. What does that show?

Guidehow to use this demo

How far has AI actually come, how would you know, and what can that tell you about next year?

Demo 3 of 17, Part two. Demo 2 showed a model being measured; here you read published measurements the same way, and Demo 4 asks whether fast progress means a bubble.

  1. Measure. Drag across the chart to draw where the series went, then press Reveal. Five series; Choose a series jumps between them.
  2. Retire. Press a family under Choose a benchmark family and read how each generation stopped measuring what it was meant to.
  3. Achieve. Filter fourteen real events by acceptance rung and by the AI's role; read the rung before the headline.
  4. Forecast. Drag Years after the second point and watch three rules that fit the same two points diverge.

Getting around

The stage tabs switch stages. Details opens the evidence and limits for the current stage. Guide reopens this card; Settings has Open Presenter Notes, Presentation mode, Reset and the data integrity checks.

Time

About 25 minutes for all four stages; stage 1 alone is 10. Nothing loads from the network and nothing is stored.

Settings

Presenter notes

The printable session plan, on screen: the question for each stage, the prediction to ask for, what to say at each reveal, the answer key, and the questions you will get. This is the printable guide itself, not a summary of it.

Presentation mode

Scales the whole page up one notch for projecting to a room, enlarges the chart type, and puts a Notes button in the header.

Reset

Back to the start: the five drawn lines and their reveals cleared, the first series loaded, stage 1, the family and achievement filters back to their first state, the scenario at year 3, every check cleared, the integrity-check output cleared. The page does not reload. Presentation mode stays as you set it.

Data integrity checks

Checks the file's structure: every reference resolves to a source dated to the snapshot, every point carries its conditions, every series names where it stops, every label word is from its closed vocabulary, every rung of the ladder is occupied, and the drawing arithmetic is exact. It cannot validate what a source claims. Results appear here and in the browser console.

Live computed here when you press the button

DetailsMeasure

What is live, and what is sourced

Your line is computed here; every dot is a published measurement

Live your drawn line, its endpoint, and the ratio at reveal

The moment you press Reveal, the page reads the endpoint of the line you drew and compares it with the last published point. Nothing is looked up for that comparison and nothing is scored beyond it.

Sourced every plotted point, with its conditions

Each point is a published measurement copied with its date and its conditions from the source named in the table below — a leaderboard rendered in a browser, a research institute's own run data, or a lab's own page. Lines connect selected reports; they are not continuous measurements. Where two published figures disagree, the note gives both.

Illustrative the example task in each series' panel

The sample task shown for each series describes the format. It is not a reproduced benchmark item.

How it works

Your drag is resampled onto 64 columns across the shaded region, so a fast swipe and a slow one give the same line. The endpoint is read at the ask date and converted back through the axis scale (linear, or logarithmic for the time-horizon series). The ratio shown is published value divided by your endpoint; the point gap is shown for percentage series.

Assumptions and simplifications

  • Every series is a selection of published reports, not a leaderboard or a census. Reports that exist and are not shown are absent for teaching reasons.
  • Each series ends where its published record ends, not at the snapshot: the hatched stretch and the dashed rule on the chart mark that, and the label says which.
  • Dates are model release or model-version dates unless a note says otherwise; an evaluation may have been run months later.
  • The five series use different tests, units and evaluators. The order they appear in is a teaching order, not a ranking, and there is no combined score.
  • Vendor-reported figures are labelled as such; where a third party republished or reproduced them, the note says so. No result here was replicated by this page.
  • The drawing activity fills a gap in published history. The ratio at reveal compares your endpoint with one selected report; it does not grade your reasoning, and a bold line that landed near the truth was not thereby a good forecast.

Sources

    Boundary: these series say how far published measurements moved on specific tests under specific conditions. They do not say what any system can do in your work, and they are not projected beyond their last point.

    Presenter Notesthe printable guide, on screen

    Demo 3 of 17 · Part two · 22–28 min full, 10 min cut

    The Pace of AI Progress — presenter guide

    One HTML file, offline, no AI at runtime. You need a screen to project or share and a mouse or touchscreen for the drawing in stage 1. Nothing else.

    Learning goals

    What the activity itself demonstrably shows, one per stage:

    1. On the tests the field cites most, the change since 2023 is measured in multiples, not points — and every series stops where its published record stops, conditions attached.
    2. A benchmark is retired when it stops measuring what it was meant to; being beaten is one of four routes, and the replacement often counts something new — so a rising line across generations is not one trend.
    3. An achievement is an event with an acceptance status and a stated AI role; read the rung before the headline — every rung from Nobel Prize to retracted has a real 2023–2026 occupant.
    4. A gap in published history can be estimated; a future cannot — three rules fit the same two points, and only the next measurement chooses between them.

    Where this sits on the path

    Demo 2 showed a language model being measured — a score is a measurement, not a property of a mind. This demo hands that forward to published measurements: read one with its conditions, and do not extend it past where it stops. Demo 4 takes the question this one raises — progress this fast invites “is it a bubble?” — and answers it with history rather than a script.

    One question for the session

    How far has AI actually come, and how would you know? The honest answer is large and specific: multiples, on named tests, under stated conditions, with the boundary on the same slide.

    The one sentence to land: the change is bigger than most rooms guess, and a number is only a result when it comes with its conditions. Both halves, in that order.

    The three facts worth a projector

    Ninety seconds each, no benchmark literacy needed.

    FactThe moveWhy this one
    GDPval — 1,320 real work deliverables, 44 occupations, graded blind by professionals from those occupations 12.3% → 70.9%
    in ~13 months
    Nurses, lawyers, accountants, engineers, journalists rated the machine's deliverable as good as or better than their own about seven times in ten. Vendor-built — say so — with the scores republished by Epoch AI.
    METR time horizon — the length of task, in human working time, a model finishes half the time 3.5 min → 320 min
    in 32 months
    The unit needs no explaining. An independent non-profit, same methodology both ends, and intervals nowhere near overlapping: 6.9 min upper bound then, 170 min lower bound now. Pair it with the doubling time — ~7 months over the whole history, 88.6 days since 2024.
    FrontierMath Tier 4 — 43 problems Epoch says take a researcher days 0% → 97.6%
    in 20 months
    And on FrontierMath-Erdős — 68 genuinely unsolved problems, released the same month — the same model gets 2 of 68. Pace and boundary in one image, and it pre-empts “the tests just got easier”: the administrator built a harder one and the model fell off it.

    Fourth, if a room wants money: ARC-AGI-1 at 87.5% cost about $4,560 per task in December 2024; today 98.5% costs 28 cents, and ARC-AGI-2 — the harder successor — reaches 95% at $1.12. A harder test, a higher score, roughly four thousand times less money.

    The shape of the session

    Measure 10 min (two series drawn with the room, three offered) · Retire 6 (one family opened properly) · Achieve 6 (top rung, then bottom) · Forecast 4 (drag to year 8, then the boundary card).

    The ten-minute cut: stage 1 with the METR series only, stage 3 filtered to Nobel Prize and to contested, then the last paragraph of stage 4 — magnitude, acceptance and the anti-extrapolation point, without the benchmark-family detail.

    Stage 1 — Measure

    Question. How much did the most-cited AI measurements move, and could you have guessed the size of it?

    Predict prompt. “GPT-4 managed tasks that take a person three and a half minutes. Where is that by late 2025 — ten minutes? An hour?” Take numbers out loud, then draw the room's median, not your own.

    Activity. Do the GDPval series yourself so the room sees the mechanic, then hand over the METR series and take a show of hands before Reveal. Drag across the shaded region, or focus the chart and use Up/Down. Choose a series jumps between the five.

    Expected observation. Almost every room draws below the published line, on every series. Name that as a fact about the measurements, not a failing of the room — and do not let it become “draw higher next time”, the error stage 4 exists to kill. The reveal's what would have broken this line list is the payload: a successor released inside the gap, a harness change, a problem set corrected in 42% of its items.

    Second half. Ask what the hatched gap between the last dot and the snapshot date means: nothing was measured there, by this page.

    Check-yourself answer key. “Your line was below the published result. What does that show?” — That the results moved faster than the room guessed, on these tests under these conditions. Not that the room can forecast by drawing further.

    Teaching limit. Five series are a teaching selection, not a survey. The ratio at reveal compares an endpoint with one selected report; it does not grade anyone's reasoning.

    Stage 2 — Retire

    Question. Every widely cited test gets replaced. Were they all simply beaten?

    Predict prompt. “SWE-bench Verified was the standard AI coding benchmark, and it has been retired. What was the top score when its own co-author stopped reporting it?” Let the room guess high: 76.80%, and the reason is not the score.

    Activity. Open Software engineering first; it breaks the tidy story. Read OpenAI's own words off the card: 59.4% of a hard 27.6% subset had flawed tests, and every frontier model could reproduce the human bug fix from memory. Then ARC-AGI, for the generation that changed the unit.

    Expected observation. Four routes, and only one is “beaten”. Rooms assume contamination is rare; the Terminal-Bench leaderboard carries a canary string begging not to be trained on, which lands it better than any argument.

    Check-yourself answer key. “Terminal-Bench went 2.0 → 3.0 → 4.0. What does the higher number tell you?” — Only that the old version stopped measuring what it was meant to: 4.0 has 66 tasks to 2.1's 89, and one model scores higher on 4.0.

    Teaching limit. Four families, not the field. The status and route chips are labelled Reasoned because they are this page's reading of the quotation beside them — a reader is invited to disagree, which is why the quotation is shown.

    Stage 3 — Achieve

    Question. Which of these happened the way the headline says, and how would you tell?

    Predict prompt. “The news said AI solved a Millennium Prize Problem. On a ladder from Nobel Prize down to retracted, where does that sit?” Take answers before filtering.

    Activity. Filter to Nobel Prize — one card, and it took years. Then Announced, contested — one card, the biggest headline on the page; read its Who checked it line aloud, in full. Then Retracted: the same organisation nine months earlier.

    Expected observation. The rung ordering inverts the news ordering: the loudest claims sit at the bottom, and the one with a prize is two years old and not a language model.

    Say this about Navier–Stokes, precisely. An AI system produced a proof, checked in Lean, that closed the last gap in a strategy two human mathematicians had built — for one of the four statements Clay accepts as resolving the problem. Clay's page still reads “Active”; it is not peer-reviewed; Clay's rules need publication plus two years plus general acceptance, so no prize was possible before 2028 whatever anyone thinks of the proof; OpenAI states it does not intend to claim it; the priority dispute is unresolved; and statement (C) leaves (A), the unforced case everyone means, open.

    That long version is not hedging — it is a better story than the headline, and it survives the one person in the room who knows the field. If you shorten it, shorten it to: a real, checkable advance on one of the four statements Clay accepts, with AI closing a specific gap inside a human proof strategy. Never to “AI solved a Millennium Prize Problem”.

    Check-yourself answer key. “Which rung does the September 2026 Navier–Stokes result sit on?” — Announced, contested.

    Teaching limit. Fourteen cases, weighted toward mathematics because that is where the strongest and the most contested recent claims are. The ladder ranks how thoroughly a claim has been checked, not how important it is.

    Stage 4 — Forecast

    Question. What can two measurements tell you about next year?

    Predict prompt. “A score went 20 to 30 in a year. Eight years on, how far apart can three rules that fit those points be — a few points, or a factor of ten?”

    Activity. Drag to year 8: the compound rule leaves the scale entirely, the saturation rule is still under 75. Then read the boundary card — five sentences, deliberately short.

    Expected observation. A room that has just watched five series move by multiples wants to extrapolate; this is the stage that refuses. Say the reconciliation out loud: stage 1 filled a gap in published history, where an answer existed. A forecast has no answer yet, and two points do not choose the shape.

    Check-yourself answer key. “Which rule fits the two points?” — All three, and by year 8 they disagree by a factor of ten.

    Teaching limit. The scenario is invented, ceiling included. It shows that two points underdetermine a curve; it says nothing about which curve AI is on.

    Misconceptions

    “The benchmarks just got easier, so the numbers are meaningless.” The opposite, mostly: ARC-AGI-2 was built to resist scale and went 6.5% to 95% in seventeen months, and on a harder mathematics set released this month the same model gets 2 of 68. Read the task count, not the version number (stages 1–2).
    “A benchmark gets replaced because it was beaten.” One of four. SWE-bench Verified was retired at 76.80% for flawed tests and contamination; Terminal-Bench 2.1 was an environment fix; multilingual variants exist for coverage (stage 2).
    “A score is a property of the model.” One model on one benchmark spans 18 points across harnesses, and 45 on ARC-AGI-3 at a fixed effort setting. Effort is not even monotone: 35.2% at “none” beats 17.5% at “low” (stages 1–2).
    “If AI won a Nobel and solved a Millennium problem, it can do the work.” The Nobel was for AlphaFold, not a chatbot, after years of checking; the Navier–Stokes result is unrecognised and contested. Meanwhile the one randomised trial of experienced developers measured them 19% slower, and the best score on real paid freelance projects is 16.1% (stages 3–4).
    “Saturation means progress is slowing.” Saturation is a property of bounded scores. METR's horizon has no ceiling, has forced no successor, and its doubling time is shortening (stages 1–2).

    Discussion questions

    • Pick one series. What would you need to know to say whether it is still rising in two years — and could you have known it in February 2025?
    • A vendor shows one number for its model on a benchmark. What five things do you now ask for before believing it?
    • GDPval says professionals rate the machine's work as good as or better seven times in ten; the developer trial says experienced developers were 19% slower. Both careful. What question would distinguish them for your own work?

    Questions you will get

    “So did AI solve a Millennium Prize Problem or not?”

    Give the precise version in stage 3 and do not flinch from its length. Short form: a real, checkable advance on one of Clay's four statements, with AI closing a gap inside a human strategy; not peer-reviewed; not recognised; no prize; disputed on priority. Pushed for yes or no: “not as the news said it, and more than a sceptic would expect.”

    “Aren’t these numbers from the companies selling it?”

    Some are, and the page labels them. GDPval is OpenAI's — but the graders are independent professionals judging blind, and Epoch AI republished the scores. METR is a non-profit with no product; the ARC Prize and Terminal-Bench boards are third-party and publish cost beside score. FrontierMath is the sharpest case: OpenAI funded it and holds exclusive access to part of it, and Epoch says so on its own page, and Epoch's own run reproduces OpenAI's 97.6% exactly.

    “Why does that one card have two different numbers for GPQA?”

    Because OpenAI published two. GPT-4o's GPQA Diamond pass@1 is 50.6% in the o1 post's table; the May 2024 launch chart, labelled plain “GPQA”, shows 53.6% for the same model. Two runs, two pages, one vendor. Showing both rather than picking one is the whole lesson in a row.

    “Where did you get this?”

    Open Settings → Run data integrity checks in front of them. It re-derives live that every reference resolves to a source dated to the snapshot, that every point carries its conditions, that every series says where it stops, and that every label word is from its closed vocabulary. Then open Details on any stage: each lists its sources with the fetch date and how the page was read — fetched, rendered in a browser, or downloaded as a dataset.

    “Is this current?”

    Every source was opened on the snapshot date printed on the chart, and each series is drawn only as far as its published record goes — that is what the hatched stretch means. Re-check the sources each semester: a stale page here would teach the opposite of its own lesson.

    Presenter controls

    • Settings → Presentation mode for projector-sized type; it also enlarges the chart and puts a Notes button in the header.
    • Run the data integrity checks before the room arrives, so you know they are green.
    • Between rooms, Settings → Reset restarts the demo without reloading — drawn lines cleared, first series, stage 1, filters and scenario back to their first state — and keeps Presentation mode as set.
    • Nothing is stored, so an ordinary reload resets it too. No network is needed at any point.
    • Top right: ? is the Guide (the on-load how-to, not this document); ⚙ is Settings, holding this document, Presentation mode, Reset and the checks.
    The Pace of AI Progress — Bryant Harrison, Murray State University. Every source opened on the snapshot date shown on the chart; every figure on screen links to its origin, and the Details drawer says how each page was read. Claims this page deliberately does not make are listed in stage 4.

    Open the printable copy (presenter-guide.html) — the same document, laid out for print; the PDF beside it is a render of that file.

    Bryant Harrison · Murray State University